What Merino Wool Is

Merino wool comes from the merino sheep, a breed selected over centuries for the fineness of its fibre. That fineness — measured in microns — determines all of its properties: softness that does not itch, active regulation of body temperature, comfort over long wear, and versatility across the seasons.

Where Does Merino Wool Come From?

Merino wool comes exclusively from merino breeds of sheep, originating in medieval Spain. Production today is concentrated mainly in New Zealand, Australia, Patagonia and South Africa.

It begins with the annual shearing — without harm to the animal — followed by washing and carding to align the fibres. The result is a fibre ready to be spun and woven into merino woollens or wool blankets.

What Are the Properties of Merino Wool?

It brings together 4 properties that act at the same time.

Fibre Fineness: Microns in Merino Wool

Fineness is the property that defines merino wool. It is measured in microns, and it determines softness and the absence of itch. Below 25 microns, fibres are too fine to produce a prickling sensation. The main categories are:

• Ultrafine merino: under 15 microns. The highest quality, softness and durability. Production is very limited.
• Superfine merino: 15–18 microns. Ideal for garments in direct contact with the skin.
• Fine merino: 18–22 microns. The most common range in high-quality merino woollens.
• Medium merino: 22–28 microns. Suited to merino wool blankets and home textiles.

Temperature Regulation and Moisture Management

The merino fibre regulates body temperature in both directions: it traps heat in the cold and releases it in the warmth, thanks to its hollow, crimped structure. It absorbs up to 30% of its weight in moisture without passing that dampness on to the skin: the outer surface stays dry to the touch.

Softness and Antibacterial Properties

Fine fibres bend on contact with the skin instead of pressing into it. Natural lanolin inhibits the growth of bacteria. Merino garments need washing less often than cotton or synthetics, which extends their working life.

What Is Merino Wool Used For?

In high-end home textiles, merino wool blankets offer comfort and resistance to heavy use. At Matarranz we have worked with merino wool since 1911, and we advise you individually if you need it.

The Advantages and Limitations of Merino Wool

Its two limitations: it needs a delicate programme at 30 °C, and it must be dried flat.

How to Care for Merino Wool

• Machine washing: with the Superwash process, it can be machine washed at 30 °C maximum without appreciable shrinkage. Without that treatment, it can shrink with heat and friction.
• Drying flat: lay the piece out horizontally. Never hang it: the weight of the water can distort the fibres permanently.
• Infrequent washing: airing between wears makes use of the lanolin and preserves the fibre.
• Storage: keep it folded, protected from moth with lavender or other natural repellents.

Explore the Matarranz throws and blankets collection, and ask us for advice on your project if you need it.

Frequently Asked Questions About Merino Wool

Is merino wool better than cotton?

Merino wool regulates body temperature more effectively, manages moisture actively and has natural antibacterial properties. Cotton is simpler to wash and cooler in steady heat. For warm clothing and for changeable temperatures, merino wool performs better.

Does merino wool itch?

Good merino wool does not itch: its fibres, at under 20 microns, do not activate the itch receptors. The micron count on the label is the most reliable indicator when buying merino wool home textiles.

Does merino wool shrink in the wash?

With the Superwash process, it can be machine washed at 30 °C. Drying, always flat.

Is merino wool any use in summer?

Yes. The regulation of body temperature works in both directions. Fine merino garments below 18 microns are light and breathable.